Environmental Mycotoxins and Mycotoxicosis

What Are Mycotoxins?

Mycotoxins are toxic compounds produced by molds that grow in the environment, including on food, bedding, and feed. Common mycotoxins include aflatoxins, fumonisins, zearalenone, ochratoxins, and trichothecenes. These toxins can harm animals when ingested, inhaled, or absorbed through the skin.

Symptoms of Mycotoxin Exposure

Symptoms vary depending on the type of mycotoxin and the species affected but may include:

• Digestive Issues: Vomiting, diarrhea, or feed refusal.
• Neurological Signs: Tremors, seizures, or lethargy.
• Respiratory Distress: Difficulty breathing.
• Skin Irritation: Redness or lesions.
• Organ Damage: Liver or kidney failure, immune suppression.

Testing for Mycotoxins

Testing is crucial if mycotoxin exposure is suspected. Diagnostic methods include:
• Environmental Testing: Swabs from suspected areas
• Animal Testing: Urine or tissue analysis to detect specific toxins.

Treatment Options

Treatment focuses on reducing exposure and managing symptoms:

1. Remove Contaminated Feed/Material: Replace with clean feed and sanitize equipment.
2. Supportive Care: IV fluids and medications to address symptoms like vomiting or seizures.
3. Mycotoxin Binders: Additives that bind toxins in the gastrointestinal tract to reduce absorption.
4. Prevent Secondary Infections: Monitor for complications due to immune suppression.

Prevention Tips

• Store feed in cool, dry conditions to prevent mold growth.
• Regularly inspect feed and bedding for signs of mold.
• Use mold inhibitors or acid additives in stored feed if necessary.
• Test suspect feed regularly to ensure safety.

If you suspect your pet or livestock has been exposed to mycotoxins, contact your veterinarian immediately for testing and treatment options.